๋ณธ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ
-
Subscribe to our newsletter & never miss our best posts. Subscribe Now!
ACADEMICUS
ACADEMICUS
  • About
    • Notice(๊ณต์ง€)
    • Q&A(์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต)
    • ACADEMICUS CAMPUS
  • Articles
    • Report
    • Research(์—ฐ๊ตฌ)
      • Reference(์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ)
      • Research Journal(์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ผ์ง€)
        • SH๋„์‹œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›(2022)
        • Paper Competition(๊ณต๋ชจ์ „)
          • ๊ณต๋ชจ์ „(2022)
          • ๊ณต๋ชจ์ „(2024)
          • ๊ณต๋ชจ์ „(2026)
        • ์‹ ์ง„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…(2026-2029)
          • ์‹ ์ง„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…(2026)
      • Research Report(์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ)
    • Languages(์–ดํ•™)
      • TOEIC
      • G-TELP
    • Certificate(์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ)
      • IT/OA
      • ์žฌ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ
      • ๊ธฐ์—…/์„ธ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„
      • ์ „์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์šด์šฉ์‚ฌ
      • ERP ์ •๋ณด๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ
      • ์ „์‚ฐ์„ธ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„/AT
      • Tax Accountant(์„ธ๋ฌด์‚ฌ)
        • First examination(1์ฐจ ์‹œํ—˜)
          • Tax law(์„ธ๋ฒ•)
          • Finance(์žฌ์ •ํ•™)
          • Financial accounting(์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„)
          • Administration Litigation Act(ํ–‰์ •์†Œ์†ก๋ฒ•)
          • Cost management accounting(์›๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌํšŒ๊ณ„)
        • Final examination(2์ฐจ ์‹œํ—˜)
      • Social Worker(์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ)
    • Field of study(ํ•™๋ฌธ)
      • Tax Law(์กฐ์„ธ๋ฒ•ํ•™)
        • Income Tax(์†Œ๋“์„ธ)
        • Corporate Income Tax(๋ฒ•์ธ์„ธ)
        • Value-Added Tax(๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ)
        • Inheritance and Gift Tax Act(์ƒ์†์„ธ ๋ฐ ์ฆ์—ฌ์„ธ๋ฒ•)
        • Restriction of Special Taxation Act(์กฐ์„ธํŠน๋ก€์ œํ•œ๋ฒ•)
        • Framework Act on National Taxes(๊ตญ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ•)
        • National Tax Collection Act(๊ตญ์„ธ์ง•์ˆ˜๋ฒ•)
        • Local Tax Act(์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธ๋ฒ•)
        • Comprehensive Real Estate Holding Tax(์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ธ)
        • Individual Consumption Tax(๊ฐœ๋ณ„์†Œ๋น„์„ธ)
        • Securities Transaction Tax(์ฆ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์„ธ)
        • Customs Duty(๊ด€์„ธ)
      • Tax Accounting(์„ธ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™)
      • Tax Psychology(์กฐ์„ธ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™)
    • Practical Work(์‹ค๋ฌด)
      • Tax(์„ธ๋ฌด)
      • Architecture(๊ฑด์ถ•)
  • Review
    • Book(๋„์„œ)
    • Seminar(๊ฐ•์—ฐ/์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜)
    • Paper/Report(๋…ผ๋ฌธ/๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ)
  • Disscussions
  • Resources
    • Form(์–‘์‹)
  • NEWSCUS(AI)
    • Tax issue(์กฐ์„ธ ์ด์Šˆ)
    • Social issue(์‚ฌํšŒ ์ด์Šˆ)
    • Welfare issue(๋ณต์ง€ ์ด์Šˆ)
  • About
    • Notice(๊ณต์ง€)
    • Q&A(์งˆ์˜์‘๋‹ต)
    • ACADEMICUS CAMPUS
  • Articles
    • Report
    • Research(์—ฐ๊ตฌ)
      • Reference(์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ)
      • Research Journal(์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ผ์ง€)
        • SH๋„์‹œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›(2022)
        • Paper Competition(๊ณต๋ชจ์ „)
          • ๊ณต๋ชจ์ „(2022)
          • ๊ณต๋ชจ์ „(2024)
          • ๊ณต๋ชจ์ „(2026)
        • ์‹ ์ง„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…(2026-2029)
          • ์‹ ์ง„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…(2026)
      • Research Report(์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ)
    • Languages(์–ดํ•™)
      • TOEIC
      • G-TELP
    • Certificate(์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ)
      • IT/OA
      • ์žฌ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ
      • ๊ธฐ์—…/์„ธ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„
      • ์ „์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์šด์šฉ์‚ฌ
      • ERP ์ •๋ณด๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ
      • ์ „์‚ฐ์„ธ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„/AT
      • Tax Accountant(์„ธ๋ฌด์‚ฌ)
        • First examination(1์ฐจ ์‹œํ—˜)
          • Tax law(์„ธ๋ฒ•)
          • Finance(์žฌ์ •ํ•™)
          • Financial accounting(์žฌ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„)
          • Administration Litigation Act(ํ–‰์ •์†Œ์†ก๋ฒ•)
          • Cost management accounting(์›๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌํšŒ๊ณ„)
        • Final examination(2์ฐจ ์‹œํ—˜)
      • Social Worker(์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ)
    • Field of study(ํ•™๋ฌธ)
      • Tax Law(์กฐ์„ธ๋ฒ•ํ•™)
        • Income Tax(์†Œ๋“์„ธ)
        • Corporate Income Tax(๋ฒ•์ธ์„ธ)
        • Value-Added Tax(๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ)
        • Inheritance and Gift Tax Act(์ƒ์†์„ธ ๋ฐ ์ฆ์—ฌ์„ธ๋ฒ•)
        • Restriction of Special Taxation Act(์กฐ์„ธํŠน๋ก€์ œํ•œ๋ฒ•)
        • Framework Act on National Taxes(๊ตญ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ•)
        • National Tax Collection Act(๊ตญ์„ธ์ง•์ˆ˜๋ฒ•)
        • Local Tax Act(์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธ๋ฒ•)
        • Comprehensive Real Estate Holding Tax(์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ธ)
        • Individual Consumption Tax(๊ฐœ๋ณ„์†Œ๋น„์„ธ)
        • Securities Transaction Tax(์ฆ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์„ธ)
        • Customs Duty(๊ด€์„ธ)
      • Tax Accounting(์„ธ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™)
      • Tax Psychology(์กฐ์„ธ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™)
    • Practical Work(์‹ค๋ฌด)
      • Tax(์„ธ๋ฌด)
      • Architecture(๊ฑด์ถ•)
  • Review
    • Book(๋„์„œ)
    • Seminar(๊ฐ•์—ฐ/์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜)
    • Paper/Report(๋…ผ๋ฌธ/๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ)
  • Disscussions
  • Resources
    • Form(์–‘์‹)
  • NEWSCUS(AI)
    • Tax issue(์กฐ์„ธ ์ด์Šˆ)
    • Social issue(์‚ฌํšŒ ์ด์Šˆ)
    • Welfare issue(๋ณต์ง€ ์ด์Šˆ)
๋‹ซ๊ธฐ

๊ฒ€์ƒ‰

  • https://www.facebook.com/
  • https://twitter.com/
  • https://t.me/
  • https://www.instagram.com/
  • https://youtube.com/
Subscribe
Paper/Report(๋…ผ๋ฌธ/๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ)

๐Ÿงพ Studying the studies: An overview of recent research into taxation operating costs.(์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”)_2003_eJournal of Tax Research, 1(1)

By academicus
2026-06-29 5 Min Read
0

[Original Paper(๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์›๋ณธ)]

https://www.unsw.edu.au/content/dam/pdfs/business/acct-audit-tax/research-reports/past-issues/bus-2003/2003-volume-1-number-1/BUS-2003-V1-paper4.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com

[Paper Summary(๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์š”์•ฝ)]

1. Key Concepts(์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…)

โ–  Taxation Operating Costs(์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ)

The paper defines taxation operating costs as the total costs incurred in operating a tax system. These consist of two major components(์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์€ ์กฐ์„ธ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋น„์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง):

  • Compliance Costs(์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ): Costs borne by taxpayers to comply with tax laws, including record keeping, tax calculations, filing returns, hiring tax professionals, and the time spent understanding tax regulations.(๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ, ์žฅ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก(record keeping), ์„ธ์•ก ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์‹ ๊ณ ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ถœ, ์„ธ๋ฌด์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์šฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋จ)
  • Administrative Costs(ํ–‰์ •๋น„์šฉ): Costs incurred by tax authorities to administer and enforce the tax system, including tax collection, audits, taxpayer services, and enforcement activities.(๊ณผ์„ธ๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ์กฐ์„ธ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ, ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์ง•์ˆ˜, ์„ธ๋ฌด์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ• ์ง‘ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋จ)

โ–  Purpose of the Review(์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ )

Rather than conducting a new empirical study, the paper reviews approximately twenty years of international research on taxation operating costs. Its objectives are to(๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์ง€๋‚œ ์•ฝ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ตญ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Œ):

  • summarize previous empirical studies,(๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ,)
  • compare their methodologies,(๊ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๋น„๊ตยท๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,)
  • identify common findings, and(์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ,)
  • suggest future research directions.(ํ–ฅํ›„ ์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„)

2. Research Methodology(์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)

โ–  This study adopts a systematic literature review approach.(๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ(Systematic Literature Review) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€์Œ. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋™ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์Œ)

โ–  Scope of Analysis(๋ถ„์„ ๋ฒ”์œ„)

The review covers research conducted mainly between the early 1980s and 2003 across numerous countries, including(๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2003๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€์Œ):

  • Australia
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Germany
  • Netherlands
  • Sweden
  • Singapore
  • Malaysia
  • Brazil
  • India
  • New Zealand
  • OECD multi-country studies

The studies examine a wide range of taxes, including(๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋œ ์กฐ์„ธ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ๋ชฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ):

  • Personal Income Tax (PIT)
  • Corporate Income Tax (CIT)
  • VAT/GST
  • Payroll taxes
  • Sales taxes
  • Excise duties
  • Property taxes
  • Petroleum Revenue Tax
  • Tax expenditures.

โ–  Research Methods Reviewed(๊ฒ€ํ† ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ)

The paper compares several empirical methods used in previous studies(๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๋น„๊ตยท๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Œ):

  • Postal questionnaire surveys (most common)(์šฐํŽธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ํ™œ์šฉ)
  • Face-to-face interviews(๋Œ€๋ฉด ๋ฉด์ ‘์กฐ์‚ฌ)
  • Telephone interviews(์ „ํ™” ๋ฉด์ ‘์กฐ์‚ฌ)
  • Email surveys(์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ)
  • Diary studies(์ผ์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ)
  • Case studies(์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ)
  • Documentary analysis(๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„)
  • Estimation and simulation models(์ถ”์ • ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจํ˜•)

Among these, postal surveys account for nearly two-thirds of all studies reviewed, while interviews are the second most frequently used method.(์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์šฐํŽธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ(Postal Survey)๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฉด์ ‘์กฐ์‚ฌ(Interviews)๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋จ)

3. Key Findings(์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ)

โ–  Compliance Costs Are Substantial(์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง)

  • Across countries, tax compliance costs are consistently significant.(๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ(Compliance Costs)์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ)
  • Typical findings show that compliance costs amount to(๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž„):
    • 2โ€“10% of tax revenue(์กฐ์„ธ์ˆ˜์ž…(Tax Revenue)์˜ ์•ฝ 2~10%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉฐ,)
    • up to 2.5% of GDP(๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ(GDP)์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 2.5%์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,)
    • two to six times larger than administrative costs.(ํ–‰์ •๋น„์šฉ(Administrative Costs)์˜ ์•ฝ 2~6๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ)

โ–  Compliance Costs Are Regressive(์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ์€ ์—ญ์ง„์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง)

  • One of the strongest findings is that compliance costs are regressive.(๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ์ด ์—ญ์ง„์ (regressive) ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž„)
  • Small businesses bear disproportionately higher compliance burdens than large firms because many compliance activities involve fixed costs regardless of business size.(์ฆ‰, ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆœ์‘ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํฐ ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋จ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆœ์‘ ํ™œ๋™์—๋Š” ์žฅ๋ถ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ, ์„ธ์•ก ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์‹ ๊ณ , ๊ด€๋ จ ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋จ.)
  • VAT/GST systems particularly exhibit this regressive effect.(ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ(Value Added Tax, VAT)์™€ ์žฌํ™”ยท์„œ๋น„์Šค์„ธ(Goods and Services Tax, GST) ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญ์ง„์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ธ๋ฒ• ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งค์ถœ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์› ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•จ)

โ–  Tax Complexity Increases Costs(์กฐ์„ธ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์€ ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ด)

The review identifies two major drivers of compliance costs(๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.):

  • Increasing complexity of tax legislation(์„ธ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€)
  • Frequent legislative amendments(๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ์„ธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •)

Despite governments’ efforts to simplify tax systems, taxpayers continue to perceive compliance burdens as high and persistent.(์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์„ธ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๋†’๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ)


โ–  Administrative Costs Are Relatively Low(ํ–‰์ •๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž„)

Compared with taxpayer compliance costs, government administrative costs are relatively modest.(๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ–‰์ •๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ)

Most studies estimate that administrative costs are(๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ–‰์ •๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Œ):

  • below 1% of tax revenue, and(์กฐ์„ธ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ 1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด๋ฉฐ,)
  • significantly lower than compliance costs.(์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ)

โ–  Research Has Become More Diverse(์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ)

The literature has expanded considerably over the past two decades.(์ง€๋‚œ 20์—ฌ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ์Œ)

Recent research covers(์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ):

  • different taxes,(๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ชฉ)
  • different taxpayer groups,(๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ)
  • qualitative issues,(์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ œ)
  • psychological compliance costs,(์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ)
  • international comparisons, and(๊ตญ์ œ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ)
  • policy evaluation.(์ •์ฑ… ํ‰๊ฐ€)

However, truly international comparative studies remain relatively rare.(๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์‹ค์ •์ž„)

4. Conclusions and Implications(๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ )

The paper concludes that taxation operating cost research has evolved from a neglected topic into an established field of tax policy research.(๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ(Taxation Operating Costs)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์กฐ์„ธ์ •์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์Œ)

Several important implications emerge(๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ):

โ–  Policy Implications(์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ )

Tax policy should not focus solely on raising revenue.(์กฐ์„ธ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์„ธ์ˆ˜ ํ™•๋ณด์—๋งŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋จ)

Governments should also consider(์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ):

  • taxpayer compliance burdens,(๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์˜ ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘ ๋ถ€๋‹ด)
  • administrative efficiency,(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ •์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ)
  • tax system simplicity, and(์กฐ์„ธ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ฑ)
  • the practical costs of implementing new tax legislation.(์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ)

Operating-cost analysis should become an integral part of tax policy design.(๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์กฐ์„ธ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ)

โ–  Research Implications(์—ฐ๊ตฌ์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ )

The author suggests future research should(์ €์ž๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•จ):

  • conduct more international comparative studies,(๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ,)
  • investigate specific “hot spots” of high compliance costs,(์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„์•ผ(โ€œhot spotsโ€)๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,)
  • incorporate qualitative and interdisciplinary approaches,(์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•™์ œ ๊ฐ„ ์ ‘๊ทผ(interdisciplinary approaches)์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ,)
  • develop improved measurement techniques, and(์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ,)
  • continuously monitor taxation operating costs rather than treating them as one-time evaluations.(์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ผํšŒ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ)

โ–  Overall Conclusion(์ข…ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก )

The paper emphasizes that effective tax policy should balance revenue collection with minimizing unnecessary operating costs. Understanding both compliance and administrative costs enables policymakers to design tax systems that are simpler, more efficient, and less burdensome for taxpayers while maintaining effective tax administration.

(๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์„ธ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์„ธ์ˆ˜ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•จ. ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์„ธ์ˆœ์‘๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ํ–‰์ •๋น„์šฉ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ธ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋จ. ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ •์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ.)

Tags:

An overview of recent research into taxation operating costs์กฐ์„ธ ์šด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”์กฐ์„ธ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์กฐ์„ธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ
์ž‘์„ฑ์ž

academicus

Follow Me
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ
Previous

๐Ÿ“ฐ NEWSCUS: Tax Issues & Trends(์กฐ์„ธ์ด์Šˆ&ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ) – Taxation Becoming the Rules that Shape the Economy(๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์กฐ์„ธ)

Next

๐Ÿ“ข [DWU] ๋™๋•์—ฌ์ž๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์„ธ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๋ฏผ์กฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜ “ํ–‰๋™ํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™” ์ตœ์ดˆ ๊ฐœ์„ค ์ˆ˜์—… ์กธ์—…์ƒ ์ฒญ๊ฐ• ์‹ ์ฒญ ์•ˆ๋‚ด

๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์—†์Œ! ์ฒซ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

๋‹ต๊ธ€ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‘๋‹ต ์ทจ์†Œ

์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์ˆ˜ ํ•„๋“œ๋Š” *๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

Recent Posts

  • [์ „์‚ฐํšŒ๊ณ„์šด์šฉ์‚ฌ] 2๊ธ‰ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ ํ›„๊ธฐ / ์‹œํ—˜ ์ „ ๋ง‰ํŒ ์ •๋ฆฌ / ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ทจ๋“
  • ๐Ÿ“ฃ[Academicus] Instargram ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ ๐Ÿ“ธ ์ฑ„๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ค ์•ˆ๋‚ด
  • ๐Ÿ“ฐ NEWSCUS Tax Issues & Trends โ€“ 2026๋…„ 10์›” 3์ฃผ์ฐจ
  • ๐Ÿ“บ[Academicus YouTube] ์„ธ๋ฌด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํ•™์ˆ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ญ˜ ํ• ๊นŒ? ๐Ÿค” | ์„ธ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ธ๋ฌดํ•™ํšŒ ํ˜„์žฅ VLOG
  • ๐Ÿ“ฐ NEWSCUS Tax Issues & Trends โ€“ 2026๋…„ 10์›” 2์ฃผ์ฐจ

Recent Comments

  1. ๐Ÿ“ฃ[Academicus] ํšŒ์›๊ฐ€์ž… ๋ฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ(Subscribe) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์•ˆ๋‚ด์˜ academicus
  2. ๐Ÿ“ฃ[Academicus] ํšŒ์›๊ฐ€์ž… ๋ฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ(Subscribe) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์•ˆ๋‚ด์˜ academicus
  3. ๐Ÿ“ฃ[Academicus] ํšŒ์›๊ฐ€์ž… ๋ฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ(Subscribe) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์•ˆ๋‚ด์˜ Anonymity
  4. ๐Ÿ“ฃ[Academicus] ํšŒ์›๊ฐ€์ž… ๋ฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ(Subscribe) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์•ˆ๋‚ด์˜ Anonymity
  5. ๐Ÿ“ฃ[Academicus] ํšŒ์›๊ฐ€์ž… ๋ฐ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ(Subscribe) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์•ˆ๋‚ด์˜ Administrator

Archives

  • 2026๋…„ 10์›”
  • 2026๋…„ 9์›”
  • 2026๋…„ 8์›”
  • 2026๋…„ 7์›”
  • 2026๋…„ 6์›”
Contact(๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ)
Terms & Condition(์ด์šฉ์•ฝ๊ด€)
Privacy Policy(๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ์นจ)
Copyright 2026 โ€” ACADEMICUS. All rights reserved.