[Original Paper(๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์›๋ณธ)]

https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE12342077

While I was a sophomore majoring in Tax Accounting at university, I had the opportunity to gain experience as a public research assistant. I participated in the research project titled โ€œA Study on Improving Property Taxation for Public Rental Housingโ€ led by Senior Researcher Ji-eun Kim at the Seoul Housing & Communities Corporation (SH) Urban Research Institute.

Although I have studied tax law, I still find real estate taxation challenging due to its rapidly changing nature. In addition, since this was my first time being directly exposed to academic research, it felt unfamiliar to quickly grasp a topic, read academic papers, and follow the overall flow within a short period of time. Nevertheless, I was able to receive detailed guidance on both direction and methodology, which was extremely helpful.

I also appreciated the thorough responses to each of my questions and the comfortable environment that allowed me to freely share my thoughts. Thanks to this, I was able to stay fully engaged throughout the entire experience, making it both very enjoyable and highly valuable.

Although I could not participate until the completion of the research due to the short working period, I was deeply touched when two copies of the report were sent to me by mail after its publication. Thanks to this, I was able to show one copy to my academic advisor. I was also gifted the book โ€œReforming Public Rental Housing Trapped in the โ€˜89 Systemโ€™,โ€ which I now keep carefully in my collection. Although I regret not requesting a handwritten autograph, I sincerely appreciate Senior Researcher Ji-eun Kim for providing me with this valuable opportunity and experience.

(๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์„ธ๋ฌดํšŒ๊ณ„ํ•™ ์ „๊ณต 2ํ•™๋…„ ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘ ๊ณต๊ณต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด์กฐ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ ์„œ์šธ์ฃผํƒ๋„์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ SH๋„์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ๊น€์ง€์€ ์ˆ˜์„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋‹˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” “๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ”์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์„ธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์กฐ์„ธ๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด๋ผ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚ฏ์„ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ธ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ผผ๊ผผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์•˜๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„์— ์ฑ…์ž 2๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ฐ๋™์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•๋ถ„์— ํ•œ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , “’89์ฒด์ œ’์— ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ผ” ์ฑ…๋„ ์„ ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žํ•„ ์„œ๋ช…์„ ์š”์ฒญ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๊ฒŒ ๋ชป๋‚ด ์•„์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์„œ๊ณ ์— ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์‹  ๊น€์ง€์€ ์ˆ˜์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค.)

[Paper Summary(๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์š”์•ฝ)]

Key Concepts(์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…)

โ–  Housing Welfare Contribution(์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„): An indicator that measures the extent to which public rental housing contributes to residentsโ€™ housing stability, calculated based on rents below market rates.(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์ด ์ž…์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์•ˆ์ •์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ, ์‹œ์„ธ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ •)

โ–  Property Tax on Public Rental Housing(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ): Refers to property tax and comprehensive real estate tax imposed on the ownership of public rental housing.(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ์™€ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ)

โ–  Local Tax Exemption and Reduction Control Act(์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธํŠน๋ก€์ œํ•œ๋ฒ•): : A law that regulates tax reductions, exemptions, and non-taxable provisions for local taxes.(์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธ์˜ ๊ฐ๋ฉด, ๋น„๊ณผ์„ธ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ )

โ–  Comprehensive Real Estate Tax(์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ธ): : A national tax imposed on high-value property owners, aimed at stabilizing real estate prices and ensuring fairness in tax burdens.(๊ณ ์•ก์˜ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๋ณด์œ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์„ธ๋กœ, ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์•ˆ์ •๊ณผ ์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ)

โ–  Property Tax(์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ): : A local tax levied on land, buildings, and housing, serving as a major source of revenue for local governments.(ํ† ์ง€, ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ, ์ฃผํƒ ๋“ฑ์— ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธ๋กœ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์žฌ์ • ์ˆ˜์ž…์›)

โ–  Fair Market Value Ratio(๊ณต์ •์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐ€์•ก๋น„์œจ): : A ratio applied when calculating the tax base for property tax and comprehensive real estate tax, adjustable by the government depending on market conditions.(์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋ฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ธ ๊ณผ์„ธํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ๋กœ, ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ)

โ–  Local Allocation Tax(์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ต๋ถ€์„ธ): : A system that redistributes a portion of national tax revenue to financially weaker local governments to reduce fiscal disparities.(๊ตญ์„ธ ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ •๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์ • ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„)

1. Research Objective(์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ )

  • To establish a rationale for improving the criteria for imposing property taxes on public rental housing.(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ )
  • To suggest directions for institutional improvement.(์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ )

2. Research Methodology(์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)

  • Analysis of the history, current status, and issues related to property taxation on public rental housing through literature review and expert consultation.(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œ๋„ ์—ฐํ˜, ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„)
  • Analysis of SH Corporationโ€™s property tax payment trends and their impact on public rental housing operations using internal data and Seoul statistical data.(SH๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ ์ถ”์„ธ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์šด์˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„)
  • Examination of international cases of property taxation on public and social housing.(ํ•ด์™ธ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ/์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผํƒ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ)

3. Key Findings(์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ)

  • Since 2012, the burden of property taxes on public rental housing has continuously increased, worsening the financial balance of rental housing operations.(2012๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์šด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํž˜)
  • Following the enactment of the Local Tax Exemption and Reduction Control Act, the degree of property tax reduction for public rental housing has steadily decreased.(์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธํŠน๋ก€์ œํ•œ๋ฒ• ์ œ์ • ์ดํ›„ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๊ฐ๋ฉดํญ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํž˜)
  • Strengthened comprehensive real estate tax policies targeting multi-homeowners have contributed to increased tax burdens for public housing providers.(๋‹ค์ฃผํƒ์ž ์ข…๋ถ€์„ธ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํƒ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์ข…๋ถ€์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํž˜)

4. Conclusions and Implications(๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ )

  • Property tax reductions for public rental housing should be reframed as a form of support for public housing providers.(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ๋ฉด์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํƒ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌ)
  • Imposing comprehensive real estate tax on public rental housing is a policy contradiction and should be excluded from aggregated taxation.(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅ)
  • Property tax reduction criteria should be simplified and expanded regardless of housing type or ownership entity.(์ฃผํƒ ์œ ํ˜•, ์†Œ์œ  ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๊ฐ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๋ฉดํญ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์•ˆ)

[Questions(์งˆ์˜)]

1. What is the overall impact of increased property tax burdens on public rental housing operations?(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์šด์˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?)

  • Increase in tax burden and cash flow deficits(๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ ์ž): Property tax payments accounted for 39.9% of the cash flow deficit of public rental housing as of 2021, imposing a significant financial burden. The proportion of property taxes increased from 10.1% in 2012 to 51.5% in 2021. This is the result of frozen deposits and rents to ensure housing stability for vulnerable groups, while property taxes continued to rise(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€์•ก์€ 2021๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ง€ ์†์‹ค์•ก์˜ 39.9%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์šด์˜์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋น„์ค‘์€ 2012๋…„ 10.1%์—์„œ 2021๋…„ 51.5%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์ฆ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋™๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž„) P65.
  • Increase in property tax growth rate and operating costs(์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ๊ณผ ์šด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ) :The growth rate of property tax payments for SH public rental housing reached 91.6%. The proportion of property tax relative to operational cash expenditure increased from 6% in 2012. This situation increases managerial burdens on public housing providers and makes it difficult to expand the supply of quality public rental housing(SH ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€์•ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ 91.6%๋กœ, ์ด๋Š” ์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์šด์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ง€์ถœ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋น„์ค‘์ด 2012๋…„ 6%์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํƒ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์‹œ์ผœ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ) P65.
  • Impact on local fiscal operations(์ง€๋ฐฉ์žฌ์ • ์šด์˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ): Whether property tax reductions are expanded or reduced, the impact on Seoulโ€™s and local governmentsโ€™ finances is expected to be minimal. In 2021, property tax accounted for only 6.7% of Seoulโ€™s revenue and 8.0% of expenditures. SH rental housing property tax accounted for just 0.08% of revenue and 0.04% of expenditures(๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๊ฐ๋ฉด์„ ์ถ•์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์žฌ์ • ์šด์˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋จ. 2021๋…„ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์„ธ์ž…์—์„œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์€ 6.7%, ์„ธ์ถœ์€ 8.0%์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, SH ์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์„ธ์ž…์˜ 0.08%, ์„ธ์ถœ์˜ 0.04%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•จ) P9.
  • Overall, the increase in property tax burdens intensifies financial pressure on operations and negatively affects both the quality and supply of public rental housing.(์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šด์˜์˜ ์žฌ์ •์  ์••๋ฐ•์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์–‘์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ)

2. If property tax burdens amount to 51% of rental income, what specific financial difficulties arise?(๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ž„๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ 51%์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์šด์˜์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์žฌ์ •์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ์ง€?)

  • Expansion of cash flow deficits(ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ ์ž ํ™•๋Œ€): Property taxes account for 39.9% of the cash flow deficit, significantly burdening operations. With the tax ratio rising from 10.1% in 2012 to 51.5% in 2021, the mismatch between income and tax obligations worsens, making sustainable operation more difficult(๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€์•ก์ด ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ง€ ์†์‹ค์•ก์˜ 39.9%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์šด์˜์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•จ. ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋น„์ค‘์ด 2012๋…„ 10.1%์—์„œ 2021๋…„ 51.5%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์šด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž… ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ ธ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํผ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ) P65.
  • ncrease in operating costs(์šด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€): As of 2022, property tax accounts for 66% of total holding taxes. While other revenue-generating real estate assets stagnate or decrease, property tax continues to rise, increasing operational costs and reducing funds available for improving housing quality or expanding supply(SH ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€์•ก์ด 2022๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ์˜ 66%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ต์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๋ณด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ๋Š” ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์งˆ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ํ™•๋Œ€์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ์›์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ) P59.
  • Decline in housing welfare contribution(์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ): Increased tax burdens may reduce the housing welfare contribution of SH public rental housing. Although this contribution was estimated at over 1 trillion KRW in 2021, maintaining it becomes difficult as tax burdens growโ€”particularly negatively impacting vulnerable groups in high-cost areas like Seoul(๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, SH ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Œ. 2021๋…„ SH ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ 1์กฐ 4์–ต์› ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์„œ์šธ์˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž„) P9.
  • In summary, rising property tax burdens increase financial strain, weakening both housing welfare contributions and the quality and quantity of supply.(์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์šด์˜์˜ ์žฌ์ •์  ์••๋ฐ•์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„์™€ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์–‘์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ)

3. Why did SH public rental housing property taxes increase 7.5 times?(SH ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ๊ฐ€ 7.5๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?)

  • Increase in taxable units and rise in official property values(์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋ถ€๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์‹œ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน): A key cause is the increase in taxable units and rising official property values. For example, in Suseo Complex A, taxable units increased from 320 in 2015 to 2,214 in 2021 (about 7 times). As a result, total property tax payments rose 2.7 times, from 30 million KRW to 80 million KRW. This significantly increased the tax burden(SH ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์€ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋ถ€๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ณต์‹œ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์ž„. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ˆ˜์„œ A๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2015๋…„ 320ํ˜ธ์—์„œ 2021๋…„ 2,214ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋ถ€๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด 7๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€์•ก์ด 3์ฒœ๋งŒ์›์—์„œ 8์ฒœ๋งŒ์›์œผ๋กœ 2.7๋ฐฐ ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ด) P64.
  • Impact of legal revisions(๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์ •์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ): A 2015 revision to the Local Tax Exemption and Reduction Control Act limited the reduction rate to 85% when property tax exceeded 500,000 KRW, even for permanent rental housing units smaller than 40ใŽก. This increased the number of taxable cases. Although the average tax per unit decreased due to reduction rates, the overall tax burden still rose(2015๋…„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธํŠน๋ก€์ œํ•œ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์œผ๋กœ 40ใŽก ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ๋„ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋ถ€๊ณผ์•ก์ด 50๋งŒ์›์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ๋ฉด์œจ์ด 85%๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋จ. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ธ ๋ถ€๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ๋ฉด๋ฅ ์„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฐ›์•„ ํ˜ธ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  ๋ถ€๊ณผ์•ก์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž„. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ) P64.
  • Rising operating costs and financial pressure(์šด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์žฌ์ •์  ์••๋ฐ•): Along with increasing property taxes, operational costs also grew. As property taxes occupy a significant portion of total operating income, cash flow deficits expand, making sustainable operations more difficult(๋ณด์œ ์„ธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์šด์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ. ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์šด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ง€ ์ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ) P65.
  • These factors combined led to a 7.5-fold increase in property taxes for SH public rental housing.(์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ SH ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋ณด์œ ์„ธ๊ฐ€ 7.5๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋จ)

๋‹ต๊ธ€ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ

์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์ˆ˜ ํ•„๋“œ๋Š” *๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค