๐Ÿ–‹๏ธ Measures to Improve the Quality of Life of Single -Households – Expansion of Tax Benefits by Improving the Income Tax Reporting System for Human Services – (1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ฆ์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ – ์ธ์ ์šฉ์—ญ ์†Œ๋“์„ธ ์‹ ๊ณ  ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ธ์ œํ˜œํƒ ํ™•๋Œ€ -)_2022_์กฐํ˜œ์ง€

It was planned for participation in the “University (Graduate) Student Idea Short Paper Contest”, but was not submitted.(“๋Œ€ํ•™(์›)์ƒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์†Œ(ๅฐ)๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๊ณต๋ชจ์ „” ์ฐธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ์ œ์ถœํ•จ.)

[Research Overview(์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ์š”)]

1. Background and Purpose of the Study(์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ )

1) Due to various socio-economic factors, the number of single-person households in Korea has been steadily increasing. As of 2021, the proportion of single-person households accounted for 12.64% of total households, the highest among all household types.(๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒยท๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ€˜21๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ „ ์ฒด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ 12.64%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์Œ.)

2) As of 2021, the growth rate of single-person households in Incheon was 9.49%, which is approximately 2.36 percentage points higher than that of Seoul (7.13%), where the absolute number of single-person households is the largest.(โ€˜21๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ธ์ฒœ์‹œ์˜ 1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ 9.49%๋กœ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์˜ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์œจ์ธ 7.13% ๋น„ํ•ด 2.36%๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋†’์Œ.)

3) The rapid increase in single-person households has led to various economic and social issues.(1์ธ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œยท์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ.)

4) As these issues have grown, the government has introduced policies targeting single-person households and expanded support to improve their quality of life. However, there remains a need for more practical support policies and institutional improvements, particularly from an economic perspective.
(๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ , 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ฆ ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์›์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž„.)

5) Following the 2013 tax reform, which converted certain income deduction items into tax credits, the earned income deduction was reduced, thereby increasing the tax burden on single-person households. Furthermore, with the rise in single-person households and the corresponding increase in temporary forms of employment, the number of taxpayers subject to income tax is expected to grow. This highlights the need for tax support policies to alleviate the tax burden on single-person households.(โ€˜13๋…„๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์†Œ๋“๊ณต์ œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์†Œ๋“๊ณต์ œ์—์„œ ์„ธ์•ก๊ณต์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ทผ๋กœ์†Œ๋“๊ณต ์ œ์˜ ์ถ•์†Œ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž„์‹œ์ง ๊ณ ์šฉ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋“์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ธ์ œ์ƒ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž„.)

6) The increase in temporary employment among single-person households has resulted in greater burdens related to voluntary tax filing, such as comprehensive income tax reporting. Although the government has introduced measures such as โ€œmobile filing notificationsโ€ and โ€œpost-deadline refund filing guidance for personal service income earners via Hometax,โ€ cases still occur where taxpayers fail to file within the deadline due to a lack of tax expertise, leading to missed deduction benefits and tax disadvantages. Therefore, additional measures are needed to reduce taxpayer burden and enhance compliance through improved filing convenience.(1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž„์‹œ์ง ๊ณ ์šฉ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ์†Œ๋“์„ธ ์‹ ๊ณ  ๋“ฑ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ฌด ์‹ ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” โ€˜๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์‹ ๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ฌธ ๋ฐœ์†กโ€™, โ€˜ํ™ˆํƒ์Šค ์ธ์ ์šฉ์—ญ ์†Œ๋“์ž ์ข…ํ•ฉ์†Œ๋“์„ธ ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ™˜๊ธ‰ ์‹ ๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋‚ดโ€™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋ฌด ์ „๋ฌธ ์ง€์‹์˜ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๋‚ด ์‹ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณต์ œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ์ œ์ƒ ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ธ๋ฌด ์‹ ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ณ  ํŽธ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์›์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ฑ์‹ค ์‹ ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž„.)

7) In the case of personal service income (freelancers) under business income, it is often difficult to apply necessary expense deductions through proper bookkeeping. As a result, estimated reporting methods using standard expense ratios or simplified expense ratios are frequently applied, which often leads to inadequate deductions. This indicates a need for institutional improvements in this area.(์‚ฌ์—…์†Œ๋“ ์ค‘ ์ธ์ ์šฉ์—ญ ์†Œ๋“(ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง์ ‘ ์žฅ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•„์š”๊ฒฝ๋น„ ๊ณต์ œ ์ ์šฉ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ์ถ”๊ณ„ ์‹ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฒฝ๋น„์œจ ํ˜น์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ฒฝ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ณต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž„.)

8) This study aims to establish a rationale and propose directions for institutional improvement to expand tax support for single-person households through improvements in the income tax reporting system, ultimately enhancing their quality of life.(์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋“์„ธ ์‹ ๊ณ  ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ธ์ œ์ง€์› ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋…ผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ.)

2. Scope and Methodology of the Study(์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)

1) Definition, status, distribution, issues, and support systems of single-person households (literature review and statistical data)(1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ •์˜, ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ๋ถ„ํฌ, ๋ฌธ์ œ์ , ์ง€์› ์ œ๋„(๋ฌธํ—Œ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ))

2) Examination of overseas support systems for single-person households and cases of improvements in income taxation systems (if necessary)(ํ•ด์™ธ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ง€์› ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋“์„ธ ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ(ํ•„์š”์‹œ))

3) Current status and issues of income tax-related systems (the scope of the study is limited to earned income and business income)(์†Œ๋“์„ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œ๋„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ๋ฌธ์ œ์ (์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์†Œ๋“์„ธ ไธญ ๊ทผ๋กœ์†Œ๋“๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…์†Œ๋“์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•จ.))

4) Analysis, comparison, and calculation of the income tax burden for single-person households(1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์†Œ๋“์„ธ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ต, ๊ณ„์‚ฐ)

5) Online survey on perception and current status of single-person households(1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ธ์‹ยทํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ)

6) Proposals for improvements in income tax (business income) deduction/reduction systems and tax filing procedures(์†Œ๋“์„ธ(์‚ฌ์—…์†Œ๋“) ๊ณต์ œยท๊ฐ๋ฉด ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๊ณ  ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ์•ˆ)

[Survey Data]

๋‹ต๊ธ€ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ

์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์ˆ˜ ํ•„๋“œ๋Š” *๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค