๐งพ Network structure reveals patterns of legal complexity in human society: The case of the Constitutional legal network(๋คํธ์ํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ณธ ์ธ๊ฐ ์ฌํ์ ๋ฒ์ ๋ณต์ก์ฑ ํจํด: ํ๋ฒ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก)_2019_PLOS ONE_Bokwon Lee, Kyu-Min Lee, Jae-Suk Yang
[Original Paper(๋ ผ๋ฌธ ์๋ณธ)]
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0209844
[Paper Summary(๋ ผ๋ฌธ ์์ฝ)]
1. Key Concepts(์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ๋ )
โ Legal Complexity(๋ฒ์ ๋ณต์ก์ฑ)
The legal system is not merely a collection of rules but can be understood as a complex system in which various actors, institutions, and norms interact with one another. The authors explain that law and society form a feedback structure in which they mutually influence each other.(๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ๋ ๋จ์ํ ๊ท์น๋ค์ ์งํฉ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋ค์ํ ํ์์, ์ ๋, ๊ท๋ฒ์ด ์ํธ์์ฉํ๋ ๋ณต์ก๊ณ(complex system)๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ์ ์๋ค์ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ์๋ก ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ๋ ํผ๋๋ฐฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํ๋ค๊ณ ์ค๋ช ํจ.)
โ Constitutional Legal Network (CLN)(ํ๋ฒ์ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ)
The central concept of the study is the Constitutional Legal Network (CLN).(์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ํต์ฌ ๊ฐ๋ ์ ํ๋ฒ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ(Constitutional Legal Network, CLN)์.)
- Node(๋ ธ๋): Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea(๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ํ๋ฒ ์กฐํญ)
- Link(๋งํฌ): A relationship between constitutional articles that are co-cited in the same Constitutional Court decision(๋์ผํ ํ๋ฒ์ฌํ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์์ ํจ๊ป ์ธ์ฉ(co-citation)๋ ํ๋ฒ ์กฐํญ ๊ฐ ๊ด๊ณ)
- Weight(๊ฐ์ค์น): The number of times two constitutional articles are cited together(๋ ์กฐํญ์ด ํจ๊ป ์ธ์ฉ๋ ํ์)
In other words, the CLN represents how constitutional articles are connected to one another through actual judicial decisions in a network structure.(์ฆ, ํ๋ฒ ์กฐํญ๋ค์ด ์ค์ ํ๋ก์์ ์ด๋ค ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ํํ๋ก ํํํ์๋ค.)
โ Complex Network Theory(๋ณตํฉ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ด๋ก )
The study analyzes the structure of the legal system using Complex Network(์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ณต์ก๊ณ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ด๋ก ์ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํจ.)
The main concepts include(์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ๋ ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์).
- Hub(ํ๋ธ)
- Centrality(์ค์ฌ์ฑ)
- Rich-Club Structure(๋ฆฌ์น ํด๋ฝ ๊ตฌ์กฐ)
- Core Structure(ํต์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ)
- Weighted Network(๊ฐ์ค ๋คํธ์ํฌ)
- Bipartite Network(์ด๋ถ ๋คํธ์ํฌ)
- s-Core Decomposition(s-Core ๋ถํด)
โ Law and Society Relationship(๋ฒ๊ณผ ์ฌํ์ ๊ด๊ณ์ฑ)
This paper explores the following question(์ด ๋ ผ๋ฌธ์ ๋ค์ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ํ๊ตฌํจ.)
Does law operate independently from society, or is it influenced by social change?(๋ฒ์ ์ฌํ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ ๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ํ๋๊ฐ? ์๋๋ฉด ์ฌํ ๋ณํ์ ์ํด ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ๋๊ฐ?)
Through this inquiry, the study analyzes the Autonomy of Law and Social Dependence.(์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ฒ์ ์์จ์ฑ(Autonomy of Law)๊ณผ ์ฌํ์ ์์กด์ฑ(Social Dependence)์ ๋ถ์ํจ.)
2. Research Objective(์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ )
The main objectives of this study are as follows:(์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฃผ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์)
The study aims to analyze the complexity of the legal system using Complex Network Theory and to identify the interactive relationship between law and society.(๋ณต์ก๊ณ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ด๋ก ์ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ์ ๋ณต์ก์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ , ๋ฒ๊ณผ ์ฌํ ์ฌ์ด์ ์ํธ์์ฉ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ท๋ช ํ๋ ๊ฒ์.)
Specifically, the authors aim to:(๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์๋ค์ ๋ค์์ ๋ชฉํ๋ก ํจ.)
- Model the relationships among constitutional provisions as a network.(ํ๋ฒ ์กฐํญ ๊ฐ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ก ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ๋ค.)
- Analyze the structural characteristics of legal networks.(๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค.)
- Examine whether political, economic, and cultural changes in Korean society have influenced legal networks.(ํ๊ตญ ์ฌํ์ ์ ์นยท๊ฒฝ์ ยท๋ฌธํ์ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์๋์ง ๊ฒ์ฆํ๋ค.)
- Distinguish between the invariant structures and the changing structures of the legal system.(๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ์ ๋ถ๋ณ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํํ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถํ๋ค.)
- Explore the relationship between social change and legal complexity.(์ฌํ ๋ณํ์ ๋ฒ์ ๋ณต์ก์ฑ ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ๊ตฌํ๋ค.)
3. Research Methodology(์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ)
โ Data Collection(๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์์ง)
The researchers collected decisions issued by the Constitutional Court of Korea.(์ฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ํ๋ฒ์ฌํ์์ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์์งํจ.)
- Period of analysis(๋ถ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ): January 15, 1989 โ November 24, 2016(1989๋ 1์ 15์ผ ~ 2016๋ 11์ 24์ผ)
- Cases of unconstitutional decisions(์ํ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ฌ๋ก): 1,057 cases(1,057๊ฑด)
- Number of constitutional provisions analyzed(ํ๋ฒ ์กฐํญ ์): 132 articles of the Constitution(132๊ฐ ์กฐํญ)
โ Construction of the Constitutional Legal Network(ํ๋ฒ์ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ)
The research procedure is as follows.(์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ์ฐจ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์.)
Step 1: Bipartite Network ๊ตฌ์ถ
- Constitutional provisions(ํ๋ฒ ์กฐํญ)
- Constitutional Court decisions(ํ๋ฒ์ฌํ์ ๊ฒฐ์ )
A Bipartite Network was constructed based on the citation relationships between(์ฌ์ด์ ์ธ์ฉ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ถ ๋คํธ์ํฌ(Bipartite Network)๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑํจ.)
Step 2: Projection
A Constitutional Legal Network (CLN) was constructed by connecting constitutional provisions that were co-cited in the same court decisions.(๊ณต๋ ์ธ์ฉ๋ ํ๋ฒ ์กฐํญ๋ค์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ์ฌ CLN์ ๊ตฌ์ถํจ.)
โ Network Analysis Techniques(๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ถ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ)
he authors employed the following methods(์ ์๋ค์ ๋ค์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ฌ์ฉํจ.)
- Weighted Network Analysis(๊ฐ์ค ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ถ์)
- The frequency of co-citation between constitutional provisions was used as the weight of connections.(์กฐํญ ๊ฐ ๊ณต๋ ์ธ์ฉ ๋น๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ค์น๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํจ.)
- Strength Analysis(๊ฐ๋ ๋ถ์)
- The strength of each constitutional provision was calculated to measure its importance within the network.(๊ฐ ์กฐํญ์ ์ค์์ฑ์ ์ธก์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด Strength๋ฅผ ๊ณ์ฐํจ.)
- Rich-Club Coefficient(๋ฆฌ์น ํด๋ฝ ๊ณ์)
- The Rich-Club Coefficient was used to measure the extent to which highly important constitutional provisions are interconnected.(์ค์ํ ์กฐํญ๋ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋๋ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํจ.)
- s-Core Decomposition(s-Core Decomposition)
- s-Core Decomposition was applied to extract the central core structure of the network composed of key constitutional provisions.(ํต์ฌ ํ๋ฒ ์กฐํญ๋ค๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ์ค์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ์ถํจ.)
- Z-Score Analysis(Z-์ ์ ๋ถ์)
- A Z-score analysis was conducted to compare the observed network with randomized networks and evaluate the statistical significance of the results.(์ค์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ฌด์์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ํต๊ณ์ ์ ์์ฑ์ ๊ฒ์ฆํจ.)
- Regime Comparison(์ฒด์ ๋น๊ต ๋ถ์)
- The network structures were compared across the six presidential administrations in South Korea since 1988 to examine regime-specific differences.(1988๋ ์ดํ ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์ 6๊ฐ ๋ํต๋ น ์ฌ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถํ์ฌ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํจ.)
4. Key Findings(์ฃผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ)
โ Legal Networks Show Heterogeneous Structures(๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ ์ด์ง์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค)
The Constitutional Legal Network was found to exhibit a heterogeneous structure, rather than a random one, in which a small number of core constitutional provisions possess exceptionally high influence within the network.(ํ๋ฒ ๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ ๋ฌด์์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ ๊ทน์์์ ํต์ฌ ์กฐํญ์ด ๋งค์ฐ ๋์ ์ํฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ์ด์ง์ (heterogeneous) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์.)
โ Existence of Hub Articles(Existence of Hub Articles)
In particular, the following constitutional provisions emerged as the key hubs of the network.(ํนํ ๋ค์ ์กฐํญ๋ค์ด ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ ํต์ฌ ํ๋ธ๋ก ๋ํ๋จ.)
- Equal Rights (ํ๋ฑ๊ถ)
- Protection of Freedom and Rights (์์ ์ ๊ถ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ณดํธ)
- Dignity and Pursuit of Happiness (์ธ๊ฐ์ ์กด์์ฑ๊ณผ ํ๋ณต์ถ๊ตฌ๊ถ)
These provisions play a central role in the majority of constitutional judgments.(์ด๋ค ์กฐํญ์ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ํ๋ฒ ํ๋จ์์ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ธ ์ญํ ์ ์ํํจ.)
โ Rich-Club Structure Exists(๋ฆฌ์น ํด๋ฝ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์กด์ฌ)
Important constitutional provisions were found to be strongly interconnected.(์ค์ํ ์กฐํญ๋ค์ ์๋ก ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋์ด ์์์.)
In other words, co-citations among key constitutional provisions occurred very frequently. This finding suggests the existence of a strong core structure within the legal system.(์ฆ, ํต์ฌ ์กฐํญ๊ณผ ํต์ฌ ์กฐํญ๊ฐ ๊ณต๋ ์ธ์ฉ์ด ๋งค์ฐ ๋น๋ฒํ๊ฒ ๋ฐ์ํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ ๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ ๋ด๋ถ์ ๊ฐํ ์ค์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ(core structure)๊ฐ ์กด์ฌํจ์ ์๋ฏธํจ.)
โ Common Core Structure Across Regimes(์ฒด์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ณตํต๋ ํต์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์กด์ฌ)
Despite changes in political administrations and broader social transformations, the core structure of the network remained largely unchanged.(์ ๊ถ์ด ๋ฐ๋๊ณ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋ณํํ์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ํต์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ณํ์ง ์์์.)
In particular, the following constitutional provisions consistently maintained central positions across all periods:(ํนํ ๋ค์ ์กฐํญ๋ค์ ๋ชจ๋ ์๊ธฐ์์ ์ค์ฌ ์์น๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ์์.)
- Right to Equality(ํ๋ฑ๊ถ)
- Right to Pursue Happiness(ํ๋ณต์ถ๊ตฌ๊ถ)
- Protection of Freedom and Rights(์์ ์ ๊ถ๋ฆฌ ๋ณดํธ)
- Right to a Fair Trial(๊ณต์ ํ ์ฌํ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ถ๋ฆฌ)
These findings suggest that the legal system contains a time-invariant structure that remains stable despite social and political change.(์ด๋ ๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ณ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ ์กด์ฌํจ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค.)
โ Different Political Regimes Show Distinct Legal Identities(์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ ์น ์ฒด์ ๋ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์ ํ ๋ฒ์ ์ ์ฒด์ฑ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค)
In contrast, constitutional provisions of intermediate importance showed substantial variation across different periods.(๋ฐ๋ฉด ์ค๊ฐ ์์ค์ ์กฐํญ๋ค์ ์๊ธฐ๋ณ๋ก ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ณํํ์์.)
For example(์๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฉด),
- First administration(์ 1์ ๊ถ): provisions related to the Preamble, political parties, and national reunification(์ ๋ฌธ(Preface), ์ ๋น, ํต์ผ ๊ด๋ จ ์กฐํญ)
- Fourth administration(์ 4์ ๊ถ): provisions related to education, family, and health(๊ต์ก, ๊ฐ์กฑ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ ๊ด๋ จ ์กฐํญ)
- Fifth and Sixth administrations(์ 5~6์ ๊ถ): provisions related to human dignity and the right to pursue happiness(์กด์์ฑ๊ณผ ํ๋ณต์ถ๊ตฌ๊ถ ๊ด๋ จ ์กฐํญ)
These provisions reflected the major social concerns and priorities of their respective periods.(์ด๋ค์ด ๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ์ ์ฌํ์ ๊ด์ฌ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํ์์.)
โ Legal Networks Reflect Social Change(๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํจ)
The network structure also changed alongside political regime transitions.(์ ๊ถ ๋ณํ์ ํจ๊ป ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ๋ณํํ์์.)
In particular, the pattern of connections among constitutional provisions changed significantly during shifts from progressive-oriented administrations to conservative-oriented administrations. These findings suggest that the legal system reflects broader social and political changes.(ํนํ ์ง๋ณด ์ฑํฅ ์ ๊ถ์์ ๋ณด์ ์ฑํฅ ์ ๊ถ์ผ๋ก ์ ํ๋๋ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์กฐํญ ๊ฐ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ก๋ค. ์ด๋ ๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ๊ฐ ์ฌํ์ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํ๊ณ ์์์ ์์ฌํจ.)
5. Conclusions and Implications(๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ )
โ Conclusions(๊ฒฐ๋ก )
The authors conclude that the legal system simultaneously possesses the following two characteristics.(์ ์๋ค์ ๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ๊ฐ ๋ค์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ํน์ฑ์ ๋์์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ค๊ณ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง์.)
1. Stability(์์ ์ฑ)
The legal system contains a core structure that remains stable regardless of social change.(๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ์๋ ์ฌํ ๋ณํ์ ๋ฌด๊ดํ๊ฒ ์ ์ง๋๋ ํต์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ ์กด์ฌํจ.)
Representative constitutional values at the center of this structure include(๋ํ์ ์ผ๋ก):
- Equality(ํ๋ฑ)
- Freedom(์์ )
- Human Dignity(์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ)
These values form the foundation of the constitutional legal system.(~๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ฒ์ ๊ฐ์น๋ค์ด ์ค์ฌ์ ์ด๋ฃธ.)
2. Adaptability(์ ์์ฑ)
At the same time, the legal system changes the importance of specific provisions and the structure of their connections in response to social change.(๋์์ ๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ๋ ์ฌํ ๋ณํ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํน์ ์กฐํญ์ ์ค์์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณํ์ํด.)
โ Theoretical Implications(์ด๋ก ์ ํจ์)
This study demonstrates that the legal system can be analyzed as a complex network.(์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ก๊ณ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ ์ ์์์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค.)
The main implications are as follows:(์ฃผ์ ์์ฌ์ ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์.)
- Law is also a complex system.(๋ฒ๋ ๋ณต์ก๊ณ ์์คํ ์ด๋ค.)
- Legal networks reflect social and political environments.(๋ฒ๋ฅ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ ์ฌํ์ ยท์ ์น์ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค.)
- The autonomy of law and social dependence can coexist simultaneously.(๋ฒ์ ์์จ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฌํ์ ์์กด์ฑ์ ๋์์ ์กด์ฌํ ์ ์๋ค.)
- Complex Network Theory provides a new analytical tool for legal research.(๋ณต์ก๊ณ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฒํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์๋ก์ด ๋ถ์ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค.)
โ Practical Implications(์ค์ฒ์ ํจ์)
The research findings can be applied to the following areas(์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์ ๋ถ์ผ์ ํ์ฉ๋ ์ ์์.)
- Establishing directions for constitutional amendments(ํ๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉํฅ ์๋ฆฝ)
- Analyzing the impacts of legal revisions(๋ฒ๋ฅ ๊ฐ์ ์ํฅ ๋ถ์)
- Supporting legal interpretation(๋ฒ๋ฅ ํด์ ์ง์)
- Quantitative measurement of social change(์ฌํ ๋ณํ์ ์ ๋์ ์ธก์ )
- Policy design and evaluation(์ ์ฑ ์ค๊ณ ๋ฐ ํ๊ฐ)
- Comparative analysis of political systems(์ ์น์ฒด์ ๋น๊ต ๋ถ์)
In particular, the authors suggest that, in the process of constitutional amendment, the importance of provisions with high network centrality (e.g., human dignity and the right to pursue happiness) may continue to expand.(ํนํ ์ ์๋ค์ ํ๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ค์ฌ์ฑ์ด ๋์์ง๋ ์กฐํญ(์: ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์กด์์ฑ๊ณผ ํ๋ณต์ถ๊ตฌ๊ถ)์ ์ค์์ฑ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ํ๋๋ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ์ ์ํจ.)
โ Overall Takeaway(์ ์ฒด์ ์์ฌ์ )
The central message of this paper is that the legal system is a complex network that simultaneously contains a stable core structure and a changing social structure, and that network analysis can be used to quantitatively understand the relationship between legal complexity and social change.(์ด ๋ ผ๋ฌธ์ ํต์ฌ ๋ฉ์์ง๋ ๋ฒ์ฒด๊ณ๋ ์์ ์ ์ธ ํต์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํํ๋ ์ฌํ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋์์ ์ง๋ ๋ณต์ก๊ณ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ๋ฒ์ ๋ณต์ก์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฌํ ๋ณํ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ ๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์ดํดํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์.)