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Paper/Report(๋…ผ๋ฌธ/๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ)

๐Ÿ“„ Tax Administration 3.0:The Digital Transformationof Tax Administration(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • 3.0: ์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ •์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜)_2020_OECD

By academicus
2026-07-03 5 Min Read
0

[Original Report(๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์›๋ณธ)]

https://idst.tax/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/tax-administration-3-0-the-digital-transformation-of-tax-administration.pdf

[Report Summary(๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์š”์•ฝ)]

1. Purpose of the Report(๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ )

This OECD report presents a vision for the future of tax administration called Tax Administration 3.0, where taxation becomes increasingly seamless, frictionless, automated, and integrated into taxpayersโ€™ everyday activities and business systems. The goal is to move beyond traditional tax processes that rely heavily on taxpayer compliance, tax returns, audits, and manual reporting.

(์ด OECD ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • 3.0(Tax Administration 3.0) ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋ฌดํ–‰์ •์˜ ๋น„์ „์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ, ์ด ๋น„์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์  ๋” ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด, ๋”์šฑ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ณ (seamless), ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์ ์œผ๋ฉฐ(frictionless), ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง, ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์˜ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์ค€์ˆ˜, ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์‹ ๊ณ ์„œ ์ œ์ถœ, ์„ธ๋ฌด์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—… ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋“ฑ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„.)

2. Evolution of Tax Administration(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ •์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „)

โ–  Tax Administration 1.0(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • 1.0)

  • Paper-based processes(์ข…์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ)
  • Manual reporting and assessment(์ˆ˜์ž‘์—… ์‹ ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์„ธ)
  • Siloed government systems(๋ถ„์ ˆ๋œ ์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ)
  • Heavy administrative burdens(๋†’์€ ํ–‰์ •์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด)

โ–  Tax Administration 2.0(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • 2.0)

  • E-filing and e-payments(์ „์ž์‹ ๊ณ (E-filing) ๋ฐ ์ „์ž๋‚ฉ๋ถ€(E-payment))
  • Use of digital records and analytics(๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉ)
  • Improved taxpayer services(๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐœ์„ )
  • Greater data sharing within government(์ •๋ถ€ ๋‚ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณต์œ  ํ™•๋Œ€)

โ–  Tax Administration 3.0(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • 3.0)

  • Tax processes embedded into taxpayersโ€™ natural systems(๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์กฐ์„ธ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”)
  • Real-time data and automation(์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ž๋™ํ™”)
  • Compliance by design(์„ค๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ค€์ˆ˜)
  • Integrated public-private digital ecosystems(ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ณต๊ณตยท๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„)
  • Reduced compliance costs and tax gaps(๋‚ฉ์„ธ ์ˆœ์‘ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œ)

3. Why Change Is Needed(๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ )

The report argues that the current tax system faces several structural limitations(์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์กฐ์„ธ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•จ):

  • Dependence on voluntary compliance(์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋‚ฉ์„ธ ์ˆœ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์กด)
  • High compliance costs for taxpayers(๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ˆœ์‘ ๋น„์šฉ)
  • Delayed tax reporting and payment(์ง€์—ฐ๋œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์‹ ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€)
  • Large tax gaps and tax debt(ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์กฐ์„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์™€ ์ฒด๋‚ฉ ์„ธ๊ธˆ)
  • Fragmented government systems(๋ถ„์ ˆ๋œ ์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ)
  • Challenges arising from digital business models and the gig economy(๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ธฑ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์ „ ๊ณผ์ œ)

Digitalization creates new risks but also provides opportunities to redesign tax administration fundamentally.(๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ •์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ)

4. Vision of Tax Administration 3.0(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • 3.0์˜ ๋น„์ „)

The future tax system should be(๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์กฐ์„ธ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์•ผ ํ•จ):

โ–  Embedded in Natural Systems(์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”)

Tax functions are built directly into the software, platforms, and systems taxpayers already use.(์กฐ์„ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ํ”Œ๋žซํผ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋‚ด์žฅ๋จ)

โ–  Real-Time(์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ)

Tax liabilities are calculated and settled close to the time of economic activity.(์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์ •์‚ฐ๋จ)

โ–  Transparent and Trustworthy(ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ)

Taxpayers can see how taxes are calculated and challenge decisions when necessary.(๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ)

โ–  Whole-of-Government Integration(์ •๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ)

Taxation becomes connected with social security, welfare, banking, and other government services.(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ •์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ, ๋ณต์ง€, ๊ธˆ์œต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋จ)

โ–  Human-Centered and Technology-Driven(์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌยท๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ฃผ๋„)

Artificial intelligence supports decision-making, but human expertise remains important for complex cases.(์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ)

5. Tax Administration 3.0 in Practice(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • 3.0์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ชจ์Šต)

The report uses future scenarios to illustrate how taxation might work.(์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ •์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šด์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•จ)

โ–  Individuals(๊ฐœ์ธ)

  • Automatic tax registration(์ž๋™ ์„ธ๋ฌด ๋“ฑ๋ก)
  • Seamless employment onboarding(์›ํ™œํ•œ ์ทจ์—… ๋ฐ ์ž…์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ)
  • Real-time tax withholding(์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์›์ฒœ์ง•์ˆ˜)
  • Cross-border tax management(๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์„ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ)
  • Integrated support for life events such as marriage, housing, and childbirth(๊ฒฐํ˜ผ, ์ฃผํƒ ๊ตฌ์ž…, ์ถœ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ์•  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ง€์›)

โ–  Small Businesses(์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…)

  • Automated registration(์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž ๋“ฑ๋ก)
  • AI-powered tax guidance(AI ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ธ๋ฌด ์•ˆ๋‚ด)
  • Embedded bookkeeping and tax calculation(ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌํ™”)
  • Automatic payroll and tax reporting(๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์‹ ๊ณ ์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”)
  • Simplified international expansion(๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”๋œ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ง„์ถœ)

โ–  Multinational Enterprises(๋‹ค๊ตญ์ ๊ธฐ์—…)

  • Continuous tax monitoring(์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ธ๋ฌด ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง)
  • Real-time reporting(์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ณ )
  • Automated transfer pricing support(์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์ด์ „๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ง€์›)
  • Internationally standardized data exchange(๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตํ™˜)
  • Reduced compliance uncertainty(์กฐ์„ธ ์ค€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ)

6. Six Core Building Blocks(์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ)

โ–  Digital Identity(๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ์›)

Secure and interoperable digital identities for citizens and businesses.(์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์šด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ์› ์ฒด๊ณ„)

โ–  Taxpayer Touchpoints(๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž ์ ‘์ )

Integrated digital channels and platforms connecting taxpayers with tax administrations.(๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์™€ ์„ธ๋ฌด๋‹น๊ตญ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฑ„๋„ ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ)

โ–  Data Management and Standards(๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€)

High-quality, secure, standardized, and interoperable data systems.(๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆยท๊ณ ๋ณด์•ˆยทํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ยท์ƒํ˜ธ์šด์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ)

โ–  Tax Rule Management(์กฐ์„ธ ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ)

Tax rules embedded within software, platforms, and digital applications.(์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋ฐ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ์กฐ์„ธ ๊ทœ์น™)

โ–  New Skill Sets(์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰)

Tax administrations need more(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋”์šฑ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ):

  • Data scientists(๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž)
  • AI specialists(์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ(AI) ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€)
  • Cybersecurity experts(์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๋ณด์•ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€)
  • Behavioral scientists(ํ–‰๋™๊ณผํ•™์ž)
  • Digital strategists(๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „๋žต๊ฐ€)

โ–  Governance Frameworks(๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์›Œํฌ)

Strong governance structures supporting cooperation between governments, businesses, and international partners.(์ •๋ถ€, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์ œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ์ฒด๊ณ„)

7. Leading Country Examples(์ฃผ์š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€)

The report highlights several innovative practices(์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•จ):

  • Singapore(์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด): National Digital Identity (SingPass and CorpPass)(๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ์›์ฒด๊ณ„(SingPass ๋ฐ CorpPass))
  • Norway(๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด): Consent-based digital loan applications(๋™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹ ์ฒญ)
  • Kenya(์ผ€๋ƒ): Mobile tax payments through M-Pesa(M-Pesa๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€)
  • Australia(ํ˜ธ์ฃผ): Single Touch Payroll reporting(๋‹จ์ผ ์ ‘์  ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ (Single Touch Payroll))
  • Spain(์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ): AI-powered VAT Virtual Assistant(AI ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ(VAT) ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋น„์„œ)
  • Finland(ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ): Workforce skill transformation(์ธ๋ ฅ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ „ํ™˜)
  • Russia(๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„): Continuous tax monitoring and cooperative compliance(์ง€์†์  ์„ธ๋ฌด ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋‚ฉ์„ธ ์ค€์ˆ˜(Cooperative Compliance))

8. Main Conclusion(์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก )

The report concludes that tax administration should evolve from a system based on forms, audits, and periodic reporting to one based on real-time data, automation, interoperability, and compliance by design. Tax Administration 3.0 envisions a future where taxes are largely handled automatically within everyday digital systems, significantly reducing burdens for taxpayers while improving compliance and government effectiveness.

(์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ •์ด ์‹ ๊ณ ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ, ์„ธ๋ฌด์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์ž๋™ํ™”, ์ƒํ˜ธ์šด์šฉ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ค€์ˆ˜(Compliance by Design)์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์Œ, ์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • 3.0์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚ฉ์„ธ ์ˆœ์‘๋„์™€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ–‰์ • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด„.)

โ–  Overall Takeaway(ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ )

Tax Administration 3.0 proposes a paradigm shift in tax administration: from taxpayer-driven reporting and enforcement to seamless, real-time, and automated taxation embedded within the digital ecosystems that people and businesses already use.

(์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ • 3.0์€ ์กฐ์„ธํ–‰์ •์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•จ. ์ฆ‰, ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ฌด๋‹น๊ตญ์ด ์‚ฌํ›„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜, ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ๊ณผ์„ธ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„.)

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